Effect of variable rate seeding on winter wheat seedbed and germination parameters using soil apparent electrical conductivity

Due to the variability of soil characteristics in field and rising prices high-quality seeds, farmers are increasingly interested applying a system precision variable rate seeding (VRS), which makes it easier manage risks crop production allows ensure profitability farm. Most modern seed drills equipped with hydraulic or electric drive terminal tractor cabin, allowing apply VRS. The aim this study was determine most appropriate winter wheat according measured apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) field, investigate uniformity placement by layers evaluate germination dynamics wheat. Precision performed using VRS map, generated from ECa data obtained surface scanning device EM-38 MK2. Winter implemented direct drill. research carried out measuring parameters seedbed germinated plants, including number distribution seeds different depths, germination, tillering. Field 3 treatments 4 repetitions (1 – uniform seeding; 2 VRS; + fertilisation (VRF)). results showed relationship between depth placement. were inserted at medium depths (15–30 mm), except management zone, where highest (28.8 mS m-1). In area, (50.7%) shallowly up 15 mm. experimental studies that VRS+VRF methods all zones similar, while yielded significant differences individual